The elastic nature of flexible PCBs allows for placement around edges and folds. Viewed 318 times. The first goal in stackup design is to determine the number of signal layers you'll need to support high speed routing for all your interfaces. In other words, for proper impedance control, the load impedance must be equal to the characteristic impedance. Defining 4-layer PCB stack and base material IPC4101/21, impedance calculation value. Flex PCB controlled impedance stack-up with stripline Surface microstrip for differential signaling in flexThe characteristic impedance of a PCB trace should remain constant to have a uniform transmission line. 8-layer PCB stackup question. The stackup drawing must contain more information than in the past and the fabrication notes will need to be expanded. There are a few methods for calculating trace impedance in a circuit board as long as the dielectric constant and trace geometry are known: Use the IPC-2141 equation for microstrip or stripline impedances. The best PCB stackup design tools will account for dispersion in your board laminate material and will include it in impedance calculations. 4-Layer Impedance Control Stackup Thickness Outer Copper Weight inner Copper Weight 1) No requirement Stackup Layer Material Type Thickness Layer Copper 0. They're very popular in the hobbyist community due to their low cost and reliable quality. But if your stackup is such that one signal and one plane layer are a pair on either side of one of the original thin panels. 37 mils. Critical Length. Land on the best stackup by getting precise data, including: dielectric thicknesses, copper weights, layer order, impedance layers and reference layers. 05. Selecting and routing on prepreg vs. 5 oz. Differential Pair Impedance Matching. 3313 lower Er (4. But it lacks the differential impedance (impedance between these two tracks). Abstract. Phone: +44 (0)1425 489 111 / +49 (0) 8104 628 0. There are many other free calculators available. The lowest possible cost of circuit board can only be achieved by adopting accurate PCB design and the right engineering tactics. Clean the copper surface with a solvent to remove the debris. Explanations of signal integrity issues. Thank you. Max. Here, = resistivity at copper. PCB stackup design will determine the trace geometry required for controlled impedance, but the impedance calculation needs to consider the entire. Call us: +1 (800) 763-7503 Email us: through our Customer Care form. Used by PCB manufacturers to refer to selection of dielectrics and thicknesses to hit a trace width/spacing specification, or modification of trace geometry, to hit an impedance target. Here we explore the Cadence PCB Impedance CalculatorA PCB impedance table will provide the trace width required to have a target impedance value on a standard stackup. Getting a good PCB with accurate controlled impedances needs a proper selection of PCB material and control of dimensions such as trace thickness, trace width, and dielectric thickness. The impedance calculator in the Allegro stack-up editor uses a static 2D field solver by default (bem2d). Accurately model PCB pressed thickness using ITEQ's up-to-date library of spread weave prepeg and core constructions. To estimate the cost of your PCB design optimization, you can use a PCB design software tool, such as KiCad. Track width (w) = 137 micron. 8-layer HDI stack-up generated using Stackup Designer. Email: [email protected] is the allowed diversion/variation from a specific dimension. JLCPCB Impedance Calculator. The PCB line spacing for creepage and clearance becomes an important factor from a product safety viewpoint when the standard operating voltage is above 30VAC or 60VDC. Remember – the tighter the tolerance the more the PCB will cost. Initial stack-up of the 8-layer board. You can see in this. You will need the following information to then obtain certain parameters such as dielectric thickness etc to estimate your 50 Ohms impedance : Work out if you can the required PCB stack-up for the 6-layer PCB. The impedance of a trace is calculated based on the placement of plane and signal layers in the PCB stackup. AP537. Polar Instruments (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd . Differential Pair Impedance Calculator Speedstack PCB stackup design tool is a packaged combination of the Si8000m field solving impedance calculator and the Speedstack professional layer PCB stackup design system. PCB Trace Width Calculator; PCB Shelf Life; Capabilities PCB Capabilities PCB Assembly Service Quick turn PCB Fabrication. PCB stackup calculator. It allows both impedance calculation and layer stackup/build up documentation. Below is an example of an impedance. Simons, "Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components, and Systems", Wiley. Signal problems can abound when trace width values are. For example, for a simple coated microstrip with a target impedance of 75Ω it would not be unusual to specify a tolerance of ± 5%; typically, though, impedance is more often specified with a tolerance of ± 10%. To summarise, in order to get the optimal HDI PCB cost, one has to consider several factors such as yield, material type, via drilling methods, and imaging. Using this application, you can quickly identify the thermal resistance of a single or a combination of vias. Controlled impedance routing in HDI boards requires an accurate impedance calculator in your layer stack manager. The aspect ratio rule requires 4 mils of dielectric between layers 1 – 2. 4. 2. This technique ensures accuracy even when dealing with the smallest of sizes. 3 mm min holes and 0. Figure 3. PCB Trace Width Calculator. 2. Used by PCB manufacturers to refer to selection of dielectrics and thicknesses to hit a trace width/spacing specification, or modification of trace geometry, to hit an impedance target. If you need both impedance calculation and layer stackup/build up documentation the Speedstack PCB offers a considerable saving over purchasing separate licenses. The characteristics of the high-speed PCB materials impact heat dissipation, signal transmission, and signal. Many factors impact high-speed, serial interface signal integrity, for example, insertion loss (IL), insertion loss deviation (ILD), return loss (RL), crosstalk, and mode conversion. 125. What designers need to help them create the right layer stackup for their PCB design. For example, in the image above, layer L10 in the stackup is enabled for impedance calculations, with the Top Ref set to 9-L9, which is a Plane layer,. 5 oz) and 1. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Altium Designer's Layer Stack Manager and routing tools provide a smooth PCB impedance calculator for high-speed designs. The build-up provides the following information: The copper thickness and weight. Recommended drill size is 3-6 mils while considering DFM for HDI PCBs. , DDR, HDMI, Gigabit Ethernet). The surface finish is neglected. It includes a link and license for Polar’s Si8000m, using the proven Polar Si8000m multiple dielectric boundary element field solver to. Stripline and microstriplines are calculated individually. 6 for 7628) 3313 thinner prepreg between top layer and inner layer (0. It helps you achieve customized electrical, thermal, and. But I'm unsure if the Height I entered is. Note: The trace on the inner layer need to be much wider than the trace on the outer. Max. 3. When selecting a multilayer stackup we should consider the following: • A signal layer should always be adjacent to a plane. Voltages above these levels are considered hazardous, and that is why these designs are regarded as high voltage. The alternating current that runs on a transmission. A fab drawing specifies all the important information such as board outline, layer stack-up, drill chart, and many more required to manufacture a PCB. The build-up provides the following information: The copper thickness and weight. There was also difficulty in achieving impedance requirements. Dielectric constant = 3. POWER L4. Although 2 layers per set are optimum, the IPC 2223 standard allows for 3 layers, if a design incorporates controlled impedance lines in the. IPC 7351 standard defines the size, shape, and tolerance for the surface mount pads that go on your board. Hence, there is a lower chance of contamination or corrosion. Note: The trace on the inner layer need to be much wider than the trace on the outer. The next important part of the electronic circuit design process is to draw the schematic diagram using EDA tools like Altium, KiCAD, and Cadence Allegro. Once you know the characteristic impedance, the differential. A well-designed PCB stackup can maximize the electrical performance of signal transmissions, power delivery, manufacturability, and long-term reliability of the finished product. The standard copper weight we use is 1 oz or 1. Watch this Stackup Designer and Impedance Calculator demo in which our design team shows you the best features of our PCB tools. The importance of a good layer stackup in your PCB design and understanding the challenges in creating it. 1 mil as the thickness when the controlled impedance tracks are on top/bottom, use 8. Create and professionally document PCB stackups in an instant. 4 mil (1 oz finished thickness), respectively. Instant online PCB quote, get PCBs for only $2. If you want your circuit board to be thicker, you will have to use polyimide stiffeners. This will help to maintain a low impedance and short return loops. Controlled impedance: There can be a slight variation in the specified and manufactured impedance values. Allegro ® layout editors – Allegro ® PCB Editor and Allegro ® Package Designer Plus – include a spreadsheet-based user interface, Cross-section Editor to help you define an accurate layer stackup with. 2, the resulting trace width required for 50 Ohm impedance would be 15. 293, 50% of the copper removal can be achieved. Using an online differential impedance calculator, the height of the dielectric layer, h, is needed. Metal core PCB stack-up. This paper presents a flexible and efficient methodology to optimize stack-up for multi-layer printed circuit boards (PCBs) with enormous search space and various design constraints. We recommend the software from Polar Instruments if you want to get exact impedance calculation. It does not use Er or circuit type. . 2 is an example of the amount of. as i think it can do. A PCB impedance calculation generally refers to the task of calculating trace impedance, or transmission line impedance, based on the stackup and material configuration used in your design. Procedure to use the calculator: 1. You can use specialized PCB design tools or calculators to determine trace impedance accurately. Good stackup management allows you to obtain excellent products. More reliability: The improved signal integrity and power distribution make the 8-layer PCB more reliable than its lower-layer counterpart. A PCB impedance calculation generally refers to the task of calculating trace impedance, or transmission line impedance, based on the stackup and material configuration used in your design. Sierra Circuits is a minority-owned business, certified by the National Minority Supplier Development Council. This integrated pcb stackup calculator streamlines impedance optimization for high-speed designs. 19 mm, a difference from the 0. The sleek gadgets that we all are acquainted with consist of HDI boards that incorporate laser drills. It allows both impedance calculation and layer stackup/build up documentation. Panel size. Call us: +1 (800) 763-7503 Email us:. Multilayer PCB Stackup Planning by Barry Olney | In-Circuit Design Pty Ltd |Australia This Application Note details tried and proven techniques for planning high speed Multilayer PCB Stackup configurations. A pair of lines can be modeled as follows: Differential pair line. This tool calculates the impedance of a conductor based on various inputs and circuit type. 1 mil when tracks are inside. Use an impedance calculator when planning out your stackup to set up fixed impedance controlled trace widths later on. To update trace width, select the traces of interest and use the "Route > Retrace Selected" command. A fully unified, heavily rules-driven PCB design platform for impedance controlled routing in high-speed PCB design. The fabrication house can have the. It is widely accepted that the most accurate impedance calculations are produced with a 3D field solver due to the complex geometry in any PCB. 2mm, copper thickness from 18μm to 210μm (0. PCB manufacturing tolerances with respect to material thickness. Unit: Options are mm, mil, μm, and inch. Follow IPC-2220, IPC-2226 standards if you. Controlled Impedance design and stackup. 03) it gives me almost 160 Ohm - and even if use 53mil conductor height or. 727 3. Stackup Editor Zoom: Hybrid Design Shield: Mask: Length unit: Pressed thickness: Impedance/Tpd; Signal Layers Properties. ALTIUM DESIGNER. PCB stack-up with controlled impedance requirements. A hybrid stackup construction enhances your PCB’s performance and cost-effectiveness by combining different materials or technologies. The tool calculated impedance at 50 ohms for my stackup but it complains that it violates an IPC-2141A constraint where trace height over trace width must be less than or equal to 0. Track width (w) = 137 micron. 2. Once these decisions are made, a designer needs to determine the PCB trace width required to hit their required PCB transmission line impedance. 29 relative dielectric constant. An impedance table should also be included in the fab drawing. Simulated traces and PCB stack-up. Signal integrity is about the quality of the signal passing through a transmission line. The PCB layer stack-up calculator is a powerful tool for modern electronics design. and also to JLCPCB’s impedance calculator for their stackup. 0. Impedance examples 4 layers 1. Reflections, ringing, and overshoot result from traces on the PCB without effective impedance controlling routing. For class 3: Minimum of 8 mils diameter. Converts short and long line . Unfortunately, this measurement includes an undesirable ground loop. TOP - SIGNAL L2. with the following layout parameters (width|space|width): Ohm. The original stack-up given by a customerUnderstanding PCB Stackup and Materials. It also allows designer to configure drill pairs and impedance formula editor. For components running at 5 V or 3. 6mm (4L-01) When using our free Defined layer buildup 4L-01, you will reach the desired impedances e. Controlled Impedance routing is all about configuring the dimensions of the routes and the properties of the board materials to deliver a specific impedance. 4-Layer Stackup. PCBCart's Standard PCB Layer Stack-up. This dense board with high-speed components will need a multilayer PCB stackup. It also has a major impact on the EMC performance of a product. 9 is an example of the amount of information that must be included in the stackup drawing to insure the PCB is correctly fabricated. The cost index provides a relative idea of the cost compared to another layer order. In tab “TransLine” i chose “Coupled Microstrip Line” and i can calculate the impedance of only one track. Impedance Calculator Talk to a Sierra Circuits PCB Expert today. Many will also be able to include an impedance test coupon on each panel that they fabricate - this can be used to measure the real impedances achieved on. It is well worth taking a few minutes to review your notes versus your stack-up and be sure to resolve any mismatches you find. You should check their website out if your application uses a non-standard stackup for thin or high power applications. Find out More. Loss planning, including copper roughness — Layer by layer calculation of loss as a function of geometry, Df, copper roughness on both sides and frequency. thanks to 6 layers I am now pretty confident that I can place all diff pairs on top and bottom layers, directly above the ground planes. The JLCPCB Impedance Calculator computes track width values and recommended stack-ups from user-input values of board layer, thickness, copper weight, target impedance, trace spacing (for edge-coupled pairs), and impedance trace to copper gap (coplanar waveguides). Ensure that the wire thickness is the same as the trace width. A schematic shows the components that are used in the design and how they are connected together. Apr 7, 2008. Being a board designer, you need to know the functionalities of some of the best design tools before you choose the right one. Signal problems can abound when trace width values are incorrectly specified in high-speed PCBs. N avigation T ree: Technology > Impedance Calculator. PCBCart provides multilayer circuit boards with layers in the range from 4 to 32 layers, board thickness from 0. Bandwidth Calculator & Max PCB Trace Length Calculator. Trace simulations were made using CST, and at first, I simulated the s-parameters of each trace by adding ports for each trace. Defining Microvia Structures. The IPC-2141 trace Impedance calculator will help make initial design easier by allowing the user to input basic parameters and get a calculated impedance according to the IPC-2141 standard. They are very simple to read, and the. Fortunately, the return path analysis tools in PCB layout CAD systems can easily find and report these problems to the designer. Blind vias exist from: Layers 1 to 3; Layers 1 to 4; Layers 5 to 8 Stackup Editor Zoom: Hybrid Design Shield: Mask:. 02. Historically, the primary electrical requirements have been a controlled impedance in the signal layers and enough copper in the plane layers to deliver DC power to the circuits mounted on the PCB. 2. PCB core material. PCB stackup calculator. 6mm thick. Ansys RedHawk. Microstrip Impedance Calculator. 01) and dielectric constant (3. A copper of a specific weight is rolled on one square foot area of a layer in the board. Stackup, or buildup of PCBs, has grown in importance over the last decade. The manufacturer will test the impedance on a test coupon. layout impedance. Go to Route > click tune differential pair skew/phase > click on any of the track. The integrated field solver in Altium Designer also takes. It also has an integrated impedance calculator to get the desired impedance and trace/space values on any signal layer. The following is the usual FPC stackup information. The reflected signal propagates in the direction opposite to the main signal. In the early days of printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, the board was simply an insulating core layer, clad with a thin layer of copper on one or both sides. For example, if you are using 1 oz of copper for a 1 sq ft area, the thickness of copper is 1 oz. If you need custom FPC stackup, please make note and we will manufacture according to your requirement. JLCPCB Impedance Calculator. Deliver -/+ 5% impedance tolerance. PCB Stack-Up Altium Designer’s impedance calculator takes your board layer stackup information and sends the trace width and thickness results to your design rules. Speedstack PCB Stackup Design and Documentation . 100G, Pasir Panjang Road, Singapore 118523 +65 6873 7470 / +65 6873 7470. Start Designing. Length of both tracks should be the same. Fortunately, there are PCB design tools like Altium Designer ® that can help you. A PCB impedance calculator is an essential tool for designing stackup structures during the planning stage of layout design. The Speedstack MaterialsThe PCB is designed and formed as a stack of layers. PCB stands for printed circuit board, a board of lines and pads that connect different points. Saturn PCB - Toolkit for Impedance Calculation. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Many of the design choices PCB designers make are in order to maintain good signal integrity. PCBway 4-layer PCB Stackup (FR4, 1. The use of flexible flat cables (FCC) take up less space than traditional wires. 5oz to 2oz), and minimal spacing between layers to 3mil. Stack-up and grounding. From here you can create a design rule based on your impedance calculations, and this will enforce the calculated trace geometry as you route the PCB. It is the ratio of voltage and current amplitudes of a single wave propagating along the line in the absence of reflections from other directions. Power planes (sometimes called a power layer) and ground planes are important for more than just distribution of supplying power. When selecting a multilayer stackup we should consider the following: • A signal layer should always be adjacent to a plane. Typical 12 layer PCB stack-up. Fabricators give trace impedance tables as guides to designers that need to implement controlled impedance in their PCBs. Our drone’s PCB should contain at least six layers: four signal layers and two plane layers with a total thickness of 1. DFM for flex and rigid-flex PCBs with SMT involves selecting application-specific circuit construction types, laminates, coating thickness, trace routing strategies, bending, and EMI capabilities. Gerber files are helpful in both circuit board manufacturing and assembly processes. Add a damping resistor near the source. (Like Rolf points out in his answer, the "frequency of interest" is more related to the rise and fall times of a digital signal than to the data rate) So when a factory says. In both cases, you’ll need to enter your stackup information into the calculator to get accurate results. Modify the variables to examine the effects on the trace characteristic impedance. 2 The PCB stack-up design 2. Sierra Circuits’ Via Impedance Calculator uses the physical dimensions of a via to calculate its capacitance, inductance, and impedance. There are many factors that go into calculating the width of an impedance controlled trace. 5(double-sided PCB) 7628 Prepreg 4. Type of epoxy glass to be used. 3. The trace impedance or PCB impedance damages the integrity of both analog and digital signals. I'm designing a custom PCB around the Raspberry Pi RP2040 MCU. Stack-up for FPC. Get the answers to your questions about High Density PCBs with our FAQs from Sierra Circuits, the leading HDI PCB manufacturer in. Gerbers provide information about each and. 01) Speedstack PCB Layer Stackup Design Software bundles – Please note the following packaged software combinations: Speedstack PCB 2022. The Simbeor impedance calculator calculates the width(s) required to achieve the specified impedance. Pick a material with a CTE closer to the CTE of copper to eliminate stress-induced failures. Table 1. Every board designer would require supporting PCB design tools to simplify the design process. 010” and the thickness of the rigid stiffeners range from 0. By controlling the PCB impedance, unexpected damages or errors can be limited to some extent. Generally, soldermask will. Comprises Speedstack PCB Layer Stackup Design and Documentation tool and Si8000m PCB Impedance Field Solver. A PCB impedance calculator is an essential tool for designing stackup structures during the planning stage of layout design. Atlas Si for Touchstone – PCB Insertion loss processing with Delta-L 4. Many will also be able to include an impedance test coupon on each panel that they fabricate - this can be used to measure the real impedances. Stack-ups, also known as build-ups, carry the details of trace width for different controlled impedance traces such as 50 ohms or 100 ohms differential. Polar Instruments Ltd . A PCB stackup positions a PCB’s insulators and copper in layers before the final layout design is complete. Apart from the layer. Based on the design requirements, HDI printed circuit boards can employ different layering techniques to achieve the desired performance. Learn more about stackup design in Altium Designer. GND L3. PCB Trace Impedance Calculations. PCB impedance control is an important design constraint when working on high-frequency circuits. 293, 50% of the copper removal can be achieved. 1mm (3. PCB layers affect electrical performance, signal integrity, and product cost. Stackup design, PCB impedance calculations, and Altium Designer's involvement in high-speed impedance control are covered in detail in this article. 010" to get a ratio of 0. To open the Layer Stack Manager select Design » Layer Stack. I'm unsure if the reference plane would be the GND and the PWR layers. It covers both single-ended and differential traces and is based. Online calculators will generally use Wadell's equations to determine the transmission line impedance numerically. Differential Pair Impedance Matching. Adhering to these standards enables your manufacturer to establish a. These diff pair are going to be routed in the top layer. Testing and examining a PCB after manufacturing is a pivotal factor in procuring a flawless design. I made the layer under the Top Layer as the ground plan. Impedance Calculator Trace Width, Current and Temp Rise Calculator Better DFM BOM Checker PCB Material Selector PCB Stackup Designer Talk to a Sierra Circuits PCB Expert today. I dont know which calculator is correct or how incorrect each one is respectively. Seamless integration with the Altium Layer Stack Manager, allows the transfer of substrate materials for the correct trace impedance and automatic creation of. In a 4-Layer PCB board, You have to insert the parameters, depending upon the capabilities of the manufacturer of your liking; Thickness of the PCB (Combining all the layers) – Can be from 0. The tool also calculates signal losses of any given trace. Calculating PCB Stackup. Repeat #1 for differential impedance. Speedstack PCB stackup design tool is a packaged combination of the Si8000m field solving impedance calculator and the Speedstack professional layer PCB stackup design system. Controlled impedance. $egingroup$ @EricMatevosian JLCPCB does 4-layer boards very cheaply, with two choices of impedance controlled stackup (7628 and 3313 prepreg) at no extra cost. The characteristic impedance is generally defined to. T= Experimental temperature. HDI stack-up: 16-layer board with through-hole, buried and staggered blind vias ITEQ Stackup Pro TM. It works in parallel with the standard PCBS layer stackup manager and gets the default setting from it. PCB layer count estimation is a vital process in board manufacturing and cost. There are in general two approaches to create a PCB stackup, known as controlled stackup and controlled impedance. Laser drilling creates precise holes on a PCB to establish connections between different layers. The formula for microstrip trace impedance is: Z = 87 * (W / H) ΩThis means that the actual trace width for a 50 ohm line could vary from design to design. 6 mm PCB thickness, but is this the final thickness, after lamination or before ? Also what's the margin on this thickness. Clear Requirements Keep. Thickness. Place SMT. Below is an example of HDI stack-up generated using the Stackup Designer. g. 3 V, you will usually be fine if you use adjacent plane layers and a few decoupling/bypass capacitors on critical components. At its worse, this combination has the potential to affect the signal and power integrity of the circuit. An impedance calculator is integrated within this tool which you can use to compute the necessary impedance, trace width, and spacing values for any signal layer. PCB Substrate Material Selection and Stackup Design Due to the parasitic effects mentioned earlier, you will need to carefully select a substrate material and design your stackup. The manufacturer will test the impedance on a test coupon. Impedance calculators: Using the data created by the layer stackup generator, the impedance calculator will give you the correct width for your controlled impedance lines. Soldermask – Affects on Impedance Since PCB’s are normally covered in Soldermask then the affects of the conformal coating should be considered when calculating impedance. Altium Designer, a PCB design tool, can estimate PCB impedance for stack-up design. Rule #1 - Number of layers in stackup. Since it directly references the stackup information and has a. Type of epoxy glass to be used. Sampson. Z-planner Enterprise is a stackup planning tool that includes a PCB stackup calculator focused on electrical impedance and signal integrity that helps you manage and optimize your PCB stackup design. By integrating these DFA checks into your design. 059”. See full list on resources. Here’s the list of 10 most used EDA tools (in alphabetical order). A coplanar waveguide calculator will operate in one of two ways. But in general do these things: Use a Sig/Gnd////Gnd/Sig stackup for more consistent impedance at top and bottom. A well-designed PCB stackup can maximize the electrical performance of signal transmissions, power delivery, manufacturability, and long-term reliability of the. Arranging stack-up in KiCad. This decision is based on the type of stack-up used in the PCB design. During this process, you must analyze and improve board elements such as stack-up, trace, vias, components, and others to ensure zero defects in the layout. Step-by-step process of sequential lamination 4-layer PCB stack-up. This allows them to meet the above constraints—controlled impedance, crosstalk, interplane. 15 mm min track/clearance/annular ring and 1. 2116 Prepreg 4. Characteristic impedance calculator for a 4-layer board. Accurate impedance calculations require accounting for differences between edge-coupled, embedded, and offset trace topologies. Factors like the length of the trace, the width of the trace, the thickness of the trace, and the height of the trace from the ground plane influence the controlled impedance. High-Speed PCB Stackup Design. Aggressive gold baths, as well as high gold thickness, can increase the corrosion to a level approaching black pad. Simpler calculators will use the less-accurate IPC-2141 equations. It enables engineers and designers to understand and control the intricate aspects of PCB layout. My problem is to calculate overall impedance (independent of layer stackup topologies). Below is the stack up of my PCB and as seen "L3_MID2_H" Top Ref is "Layer 1_MID2(GND)" "Layer 1_MID2(GND)" is is shown below which appears to be OK. As we know, laser stands for light amplification. It is challenging to identify the ideal material to facilitate high-speed and HDI applications. Interlocal Centre, #07-23. For PCBs carrying signals above 1GHz, and even frequencies above. I use Saturn PCB Design ToolKit -> Conductor. Vias (plated holes) are used to route electrical signals among different layers of a multilayer. The thickness of the Kapton stiffeners range from 0. ] JLCPCB StackupsTechnically, there is no proper limit to N, though it depends on the layer count and the outer layer thickness. Introduction. The following is the usual stackup information(4,6,8 layer PCB standard stackup), which also can be used as stackup of impedances.